A deficit in which type of modules is thought to occur in autism?

• A. Theory of mind modules
• B. Language modules
• C. Memory modules
• D. Executive function modules

Answer: (A)

Understanding others' mental states is what theory of mind modules are for—that specialized set of processes helps us infer beliefs, desires, and intentions that guide how people act. In autism, the pattern most consistently described is a disruption in this social-cognitive system, which leads to difficulties with perspective-taking and understanding that others may hold beliefs different from one's own. Classic demonstrations like false-belief tasks show many autistic individuals struggle to predict actions based on someone else’s belief, even when their own knowledge is clear. Language, memory, and executive function can influence social communication, but the defining deficit that aligns with autism is in theory of mind. Therefore, the deficit is in Theory of Mind modules.