AB has difficulty with which encoding process?

• A. Structural encoding
• B. Semantic encoding
• C. Phonological encoding
• D. Visual encoding

Answer: (A)

Encoding that relies on the physical form of a stimulus is being tested here. Structural encoding is about analyzing the actual structure of what you see—the arrangement of letters, case, and other orthographic features. If AB has difficulty with this type of encoding, they struggle to encode information based on its surface form rather than its meaning or how it sounds. This would show up in tasks that require recognizing or recalling items based on their letter structure or how the word is written, even if the person can understand the meaning (semantic) or pronounce it (phonological) or form mental pictures (visual). So the difficulty fits a problem with structural encoding, which explains why that option is the best choice.