Gall introduced two language functions into his theory: memory for words and what other function?

• A. Spoken language
• B. Reading
• C. Writing
• D. Syntax

Answer: (A)

In Gall’s phrenology, language was thought to consist of distinct faculties localized in different brain regions. He paired memory for words with a separate language function: spoken language. Memory for words covers the ability to recall vocabulary and word forms, while spoken language concerns producing speech and articulating words. So the two language-related faculties he proposed were memory for words and spoken language.

The other options don’t fit this specific pairing because reading and writing are literacy skills that involve different cognitive processes beyond the basic language faculties, and syntax is a grammatical feature rather than a separate brain function in his framework.