In modular theories, modules are described as cognitive subsystems or processors.

• A. Modules = cognitive subsystems = cognitive processors
• B. Modules = global integrators
• C. Modules = conscious strategies
• D. Modules = emotional circuits

Answer: (A)

Modular theories describe the mind as built from specialized, relatively automatic units called modules. Each module is a cognitive subsystem or processor designed to handle a specific type of information with its own boundaries and processing style. This means processing occurs quickly and largely independently of other modules, until higher-level systems integrate the outputs. Saying that modules are cognitive subsystems or processors directly reflects this idea: they are the distinct, domain-specific units that carry out particular kinds of mental work.

The other ideas don’t fit as neatly. A global integrator suggests a single central system coordinating everything, which contrasts with the modular view of separate, specialized units. Conscious strategies refer to deliberate, high-level control rather than automatic, encapsulated processing typical of modules. Emotional circuits describe affective networks, which can be important but don’t capture the standard cognitive, domain-specific, processor-like essence of a module.