Modularity posits what about mental phenomena?

• A. A single undifferentiated process
• B. The operation of multiple distinct processes
• C. Random brain activity
• D. Global workspace integration

Answer: (B)

Mental phenomena are produced by multiple distinct processing modules, each specialized for a particular kind of information and operating with its own inputs and outputs. This view holds that the mind isn’t a single undifferentiated mechanism but a collection of relatively encapsulated systems—think of modules for language, face perception, or spatial reasoning—that work largely independently and contribute to cognition through their specialized tasks. Because of this modular structure, cognitive outcomes emerge from the coordinated activity of several distinct processes rather than from one uniform process. The other ideas—random brain activity or a globally broadcasting workspace—do not capture this modular, specialized organization.