Which of the following is NOT one of Miyake's proposed executive functions?

• A. Override automatic behavior in order to deal with novel situations
• B. Switch flexibly between tasks
• C. Carry out a task while holding in mind other goals
• D. Motor coordination

Answer: (D)

Miyake's model identifies three distinct executive functions: inhibiting automatic responses when needed, updating working memory to reflect new information, and switching flexibly between tasks. The first option matches inhibition, where you suppress a habitual or prepotent response to handle a new situation. The second option reflects switching, or set-shifting, which is about moving between tasks without getting stuck in one mental set. The third option corresponds to updating working memory—holding goals and relevant information in mind and adjusting them as circumstances change. Motor coordination is not an executive function in Miyake’s framework; it concerns physical movement control rather than cognitive control processes.