Which property implies modules operate independently from other processes?

• A. Information encapsulation
• B. Domain specificity
• C. Innately specified
• D. Fast

Answer: (A)

Information encapsulation means a module’s processing is insulated from other cognitive processes, using only information available inside that module and producing outputs that other systems can use without those systems directly altering its internal work. This private, self-contained operation is what allows a module to run independently from other processes, maintaining distinct boundaries within the mind’s architecture. Domain specificity, innately specified, and fast describe other aspects of modularity—what the module handles, whether it’s inborn, or how quickly it works—but they don’t by themselves guarantee this independent, encapsulated processing.